Networking and Communications

Design and build a wired and/or wireless network connecting at least two processors

Which network board should I make!?

Eventually, my plan was to complete all of them but I started at the beginning and I made the hello.bus.45 boards, which meant making 1x hello.bus.45.bridge board, and 2x hello.bus.45.node boards.

I downloaded the .png files, and the only difference between the bridge and node boards was that the bridge has 6 extra pins for connecting to the FTDI cable, while the nodes have only a 4 pin header to communicate.

Note that the bridge gives power to other nodes.

Designing the hello.bus.45 boards

repeated all the steps learned before when designing the previous boards

I created two new projects:

EAGLE → Projects > eagle > Networking and Communications > hello.bus.45.bridge

EAGLE → Projects > eagle > Networking and Communications > hello.bus.45.node

Designing the hello.bus.45.bridge schematic

components added from fab library

1x ATTINY45SI (Microcontroller)
1x FTDI-SMD-HEADER (FTDI header)
1x AVRISPSMD (ISP header)
1x PINHD-2x2-SMD (4 pin header)
1x LED1206FAB (Light Emitting Diode)
1x CAP-UAS1206FAB (Capacitor)
2x RES-US1206FAB (Resistor)

Laying out the hello.bus.45.bridge board

Checking the design rules for the hello.bus.45.bridge

Minimum clearance between objects in signal layers = 16mil

Everything ok!

Exporting the hello.bus.45.bridge board

In the “Visible Layers” dialog Window, hide all layers except “Top” and “Dimension”.

File > Export > Image

In the “Export Image” dialog window

Monochrome
Resolution = 500 dpi
Area = Full

Use Gimp for creating a white border around the image:

open *.png file select the PCB using the inner white line “Image > “Crop to selection” “Image > canvas size”

Width = +20 Height = +20 Under “Offset”, click “Center” button

Click “Resize” button Create a new layer with white background and place in under the traces layer “Layer > Merge down” “File > Export as….”

And use also Gimp for creating the outline cut *.png file

select the traces “Edit > Fill with BG color” or “Edit > Fill with FG color”, depending which one is black “Colors > Invert” “File > Export as….”

Designing the hello.bus.45.node schematic

components added from fab library

1x ATTINY45SI (Microcontroller)
1x AVRISPSMD (ISP header)
1x PINHD-2x2-SMD (4 pin header)
1x LED1206FAB (Light Emitting Diode)
1x CAP-UAS1206FAB (Capacitor)
2x RES-US1206FAB (Resistor)

Laying out the hello.bus.45.node board

Checking the design rules for the hello.bus.45. node board

Minimum clearance between objects in signal layers = 16mil

Everything ok!

Exporting the hello.bus.45.node board

In the “Visible Layers” dialog Window, hide all layers except “Top” and “Dimension”.

File > Export > Image

In the “Export Image” dialog window

Monochrome
Resolution = 500 dpi
Area = Full

Use Gimp for creating a white border around the image:

open *.png file select the PCB using the inner white line “Image > “Crop to selection” “Image > canvas size”

Width = +20 Height = +20 Under “Offset”, click “Center” button

Click “Resize” button Create a new layer with white background and place in under the traces layer “Layer > Merge down” “File > Export as….”

And use also Gimp for creating the outline cut *.png file

select the traces “Edit > Fill with BG color” or “Edit > Fill with FG color”, depending which one is black “Colors > Invert” “File > Export as….”

Making the hello.bus.45 boards

Milling the board

Fab Modules Roland SRM-20 Desktop Milling Machine one sided FR1 PCB 1/64” milling bit for the traces 1/32” milling bit for the outcut

Gathering the components

→ hello.bus.45.bridge

1x AVR ATTiny 45 Microcontroller IC 8-Bit 10MHz 4KB (2K x 16) FLASH 8-SOIC
1x 6 Positions Header Connector 0.100" (2.54mm) Surface Mount
1x 4 Positions Header Connector 0.100" (2.54mm) Surface Mount
1x 6 Positions Header Breakaway Connector 0.100" (2.54mm) Surface Mount, Right Angle
1x LED SMD 1206
1x 1µF ±10% 50V Ceramic Capacitor X7R 1206 SMD
1x 10k Ohm 1/4W 1% Resistor 1206 SMD
1x 1k Ohm 1/4W 1% Resistor 1206 SMD

ATTiny 45 microcontroller → Digi-key Part Number: ATTINY45V-10SU-ND
6 pin ISP header → Digi-key Part Number: 609-5161-1-ND
4 pin header → Digi-key Part Number: 609-5160-1-ND
6 pin FTDI header → Digi-key Part Number: S1143E-36-ND
SMD LED → Digi-key Part Number: 160-1167-1-ND
1uF capacitor → Digi-key Part Number: 445-1423-1-ND
10k Ohm resistor → Digi-key Part Number: 311-10.0KFRCT-ND
1k Ohm resistor → Digi-key Part Number: 311-1.00KFRCT-ND

→ hello.bus.45.node

1x AVR ATTiny 45 Microcontroller IC 8-Bit 10MHz 4KB (2K x 16) FLASH 8-SOIC
1x 6 Positions Header Connector 0.100" (2.54mm) Surface Mount
1x 4 Positions Header Connector 0.100" (2.54mm) Surface Mount
1x LED SMD 1206
1x 1µF ±10% 50V Ceramic Capacitor X7R 1206 SMD
1x 10k Ohm 1/4W 1% Resistor 1206 SMD
1x 1k Ohm 1/4W 1% Resistor 1206 SMD

ATTiny 45 microcontroller → Digi-key Part Number: ATTINY45V-10SU-ND
6 pin ISP header → Digi-key Part Number: 609-5161-1-ND
4 pin header → Digi-key Part Number: 609-5160-1-ND
SMD LED → Digi-key Part Number: 160-1167-1-ND
1uF capacitor → Digi-key Part Number: 445-1423-1-ND
10k Ohm resistor → Digi-key Part Number: 311-10.0KFRCT-ND
1k Ohm resistor → Digi-key Part Number: 311-1.00KFRCT-ND

Soldering the components to the board

Making the data cable

10 wire ribbon cable to 4 wire ribbon cable

Understanding the C code

Programming the hello.bus.45 boards

Create 3 directories:

bridge node (1) node (2)

And copy the hello.bus.45.c and hello.bus.45.make files in each of the directories.

Programing the hello.bus.45.bridge board

Connect the hello.bus.45.bridge to the computer using a FTDI cable Connect the hello.ISP.44 to the computer using a miniUSB-A to USB-B cable Connect the hello.bus.45.bridge and the hello.ISP.44 using the IDC cable Check that everything is ok using the system profiler

Open terminal Navigate to the directory where the hello.bus.45.c and hello.bus.45.make files for the have been saved

Type

make -f hello.bus.45.make

Terminal response

avr-gcc -mmcu=attiny45 -Wall -Os -DF_CPU=8000000 -I./ -o hello.bus.45.out hello.bus.45.c
avr-objcopy -O ihex hello.bus.45.out hello.bus.45.c.hex;\
avr-size --mcu=attiny45 --format=avr hello.bus.45.out
AVR Memory Usage
----------------
Device: attiny45

Program:     768 bytes (18.8% Full)
(.text + .data + .bootloader)

Data:          4 bytes (1.6% Full)
(.data + .bss + .noinit)

And the “hello.bus.45.c.hex” and “hello.bus.45.out” files have been created

Then, type:

make -f hello.bus.45.make program-usbtiny

Terminal response

avr-objcopy -O ihex hello.bus.45.out hello.bus.45.c.hex;\
avr-size --mcu=attiny45 --format=avr hello.bus.45.out
AVR Memory Usage
----------------
Device: attiny45

Program:     768 bytes (18.8% Full)
(.text + .data + .bootloader)

Data:          4 bytes (1.6% Full)
(.data + .bss + .noinit)


avrdude -p t45 -P usb -c usbtiny -U flash:w:hello.bus.45.c.hex

avrdude: AVR device initialized and ready to accept instructions

Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.01s

avrdude: Device signature = 0x1e9206
avrdude: NOTE: "flash" memory has been specified, an erase cycle will be performed
         To disable this feature, specify the -D option.
avrdude: erasing chip
avrdude: reading input file "hello.bus.45.c.hex"
avrdude: input file hello.bus.45.c.hex auto detected as Intel Hex
avrdude: writing flash (768 bytes):

Writing | ################################################## | 100% 1.22s

avrdude: 768 bytes of flash written
avrdude: verifying flash memory against hello.bus.45.c.hex:
avrdude: load data flash data from input file hello.bus.45.c.hex:
avrdude: input file hello.bus.45.c.hex auto detected as Intel Hex
avrdude: input file hello.bus.45.c.hex contains 768 bytes
avrdude: reading on-chip flash data:

Reading | ################################################## | 100% 1.77s

avrdude: verifying ...
avrdude: 768 bytes of flash verified

avrdude: safemode: Fuses OK (H:FF, E:DF, L:62)

avrdude done.  Thank you.

And the hello.bus.45.bridge has been programed

Programing the hello.bus.45.node(1) board

Connect the hello.bus.45.bridge to the computer using a FTDI cable Connect the hello.bus.45.bridge to first hello.bus.45.node sing the data cable Connect the hello.ISP.44 to the computer using a miniUSB-A to USB-B cable Connect the hello.bus.45.node (1) and the hello.ISP.44 using the IDC cable Check that everything is ok using the system profiler

Go back terminal Navigate to the directory where the hello.bus.45.c and hello.bus.45.make files for the hello.bus.45.node (1) have been saved. Open the hello.bus.45.c file and edit line 41

#define node_id '0'

#define node_id '1'

And save.

Then , type

make -f hello.bus.45.make

Terminal response

avr-gcc -mmcu=attiny45 -Wall -Os -DF_CPU=8000000 -I./ -o hello.bus.45.out hello.bus.45.c
avr-objcopy -O ihex hello.bus.45.out hello.bus.45.c.hex;\
avr-size --mcu=attiny45 --format=avr hello.bus.45.out
AVR Memory Usage
----------------
Device: attiny45

Program:     768 bytes (18.8% Full)
(.text + .data + .bootloader)

Data:          4 bytes (1.6% Full)
(.data + .bss + .noinit)

And the “hello.bus.45.c.hex” and “hello.bus.45.out” for node 1 files have been created

Then, type:

make -f hello.bus.45.make program-usbtiny

Terminal response

avr-objcopy -O ihex hello.bus.45.out hello.bus.45.c.hex;\
avr-size --mcu=attiny45 --format=avr hello.bus.45.out
AVR Memory Usage
----------------
Device: attiny45

Program:     768 bytes (18.8% Full)
(.text + .data + .bootloader)

Data:          4 bytes (1.6% Full)
(.data + .bss + .noinit)


avrdude -p t45 -P usb -c usbtiny -U flash:w:hello.bus.45.c.hex

avrdude: AVR device initialized and ready to accept instructions

Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.01s

avrdude: Device signature = 0x1e9206
avrdude: NOTE: "flash" memory has been specified, an erase cycle will be performed
         To disable this feature, specify the -D option.
avrdude: erasing chip
avrdude: reading input file "hello.bus.45.c.hex"
avrdude: input file hello.bus.45.c.hex auto detected as Intel Hex
avrdude: writing flash (768 bytes):

Writing | ################################################## | 100% 1.22s

avrdude: 768 bytes of flash written
avrdude: verifying flash memory against hello.bus.45.c.hex:
avrdude: load data flash data from input file hello.bus.45.c.hex:
avrdude: input file hello.bus.45.c.hex auto detected as Intel Hex
avrdude: input file hello.bus.45.c.hex contains 768 bytes
avrdude: reading on-chip flash data:

Reading | ################################################## | 100% 1.76s

avrdude: verifying ...
avrdude: 768 bytes of flash verified

avrdude: safemode: Fuses OK (H:FF, E:DF, L:62)

avrdude done.  Thank you.

And the hello.bus.45.node (1) has been programed

Programing the hello.bus.45.node (2) board

Connect the hello.bus.45.bridge to the computer using a FTDI cable Connect the hello.bus.45.bridge to first hello.bus.45.node sing the data cable Connect the hello.ISP.44 to the computer using a miniUSB-A to USB-B cable Connect the hello.bus.45.node (2) board and the hello.ISP.44 using the IDC cable Check that everything is ok using the system profiler

Go back terminal Navigate to the directory where the hello.bus.45.c and hello.bus.45.make files for the hello.bus.45.node (1) have been saved. Open the hello.bus.45.c file and edit line 41

#define node_id '0'

#define node_id '2'

And save.

Then , type

make -f hello.bus.45.make

Terminal response

avr-gcc -mmcu=attiny45 -Wall -Os -DF_CPU=8000000 -I./ -o hello.bus.45.out hello.bus.45.c
avr-objcopy -O ihex hello.bus.45.out hello.bus.45.c.hex;\
avr-size --mcu=attiny45 --format=avr hello.bus.45.out
AVR Memory Usage
----------------
Device: attiny45

Program:     768 bytes (18.8% Full)
(.text + .data + .bootloader)

Data:          4 bytes (1.6% Full)
(.data + .bss + .noinit)

And the “hello.bus.45.c.hex” and “hello.bus.45.out” for node 2 files had been created

Then, type:

make -f hello.bus.45.make program-usbtiny

Terminal response

avr-objcopy -O ihex hello.bus.45.out hello.bus.45.c.hex;\
avr-size --mcu=attiny45 --format=avr hello.bus.45.out
AVR Memory Usage
----------------
Device: attiny45

Program:     768 bytes (18.8% Full)
(.text + .data + .bootloader)

Data:          4 bytes (1.6% Full)
(.data + .bss + .noinit)


avrdude -p t45 -P usb -c usbtiny -U flash:w:hello.bus.45.c.hex

avrdude: AVR device initialized and ready to accept instructions

Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.01s

avrdude: Device signature = 0x1e9206
avrdude: NOTE: "flash" memory has been specified, an erase cycle will be performed
         To disable this feature, specify the -D option.
avrdude: erasing chip
avrdude: reading input file "hello.bus.45.c.hex"
avrdude: input file hello.bus.45.c.hex auto detected as Intel Hex
avrdude: writing flash (768 bytes):

Writing | ################################################## | 100% 1.23s

avrdude: 768 bytes of flash written
avrdude: verifying flash memory against hello.bus.45.c.hex:
avrdude: load data flash data from input file hello.bus.45.c.hex:
avrdude: input file hello.bus.45.c.hex auto detected as Intel Hex
avrdude: input file hello.bus.45.c.hex contains 768 bytes
avrdude: reading on-chip flash data:

Reading | ################################################## | 100% 1.76s

avrdude: verifying ...
avrdude: 768 bytes of flash verified

avrdude: safemode: Fuses OK (H:FF, E:DF, L:62)

avrdude done.  Thank you.

And the hello.bus.45.node (2) board has been programed

Testing the hello.bus.45 boards

Connect the three hello.bus.45 boards using the data cable

Use terminal to navigate to the folder were the term.py program is

Check the USB port were the board was connected.

$ ls /dev/cu.*

Wich prompted:

/dev/tty.Bluetooth-Incoming-Port /dev/tty.usbserial-FTEZU7NB

Meaning that the hello.bus.45.bridge was connected to /dev/tty.usbserial-FTEZU7NB.

Then, type:

python term.py  /dev/tty.usbserial-FTEZU7NB 9600

As soon as I hit enter, a new dialog window called “term.py” opened:

Hit 0 → All boards blink but bridge blinks twice

Hit 1 → All boards blink but node 1 blinks twice

Hit 2 → All boards blink but node 2 blinks twice

What I have learned

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bus_(computing))

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_Peripheral_Interface_Bus

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C2%B2C

https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/serial-communication

https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/serial-peripheral-interface-spi

https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/i2c

Issues that I had

Tools used

Files to download

hello.bus.45.bridge

1x AVR ATTiny 44 Microcontroller IC 8-Bit 20MHz 4KB (2K x 16) FLASH 14-SOIC
1x LED SMD 1206
1x 6 Positions Header Connector 0.100" (2.54mm) Surface Mount
1x 4 Positions Header Connector 0.100" (2.54mm) Surface Mount
1x 6 Positions Header Breakaway Connector 0.100" (2.54mm) Surface Mount, Right Angle
1x 1µF ±10% 50V Ceramic Capacitor X7R 1206 SMD
1x 10k Ohm 1/4W 1% Resistor 1206 SMD
1x 1k Ohm 1/4W 1% Resistor 1206 SMD

hello.bus.45.node

1x AVR ATTiny 44 Microcontroller IC 8-Bit 20MHz 4KB (2K x 16) FLASH 14-SOIC
1x LED SMD 1206
1x 6 Positions Header Connector 0.100" (2.54mm) Surface Mount
1x 4 Positions Header Connector 0.100" (2.54mm) Surface Mount
1x 1µF ±10% 50V Ceramic Capacitor X7R 1206 SMD
1x 10k Ohm 1/4W 1% Resistor 1206 SMD
1x 1k Ohm 1/4W 1% Resistor 1206 SMD

hello.ESP8266-12E.ftdi

1x ESP8266 Wifi Module ESP-12E (http://amzn.to/2BA8Vn7)
1x Linear Voltage Regulator IC Positive Fixed 1 Output 3.3V 1A SOT-223-3 (#ZLDO1117G33DICT-ND)
1x 6 Positions Header Breakaway Connector 0.100" (2.54mm) Surface Mount, Right Angle
1x 10µF ±10% 50V Ceramic Capacitor X7R 1206 SMD
1x 1µF ±10% 50V Ceramic Capacitor X7R 1206 SMD

hello.HM-11.ftdi

1x HM-11 Bluetooth 4.0 BLE Module (http://amzn.to/2ALnbGh)
1x Linear Voltage Regulator IC Positive Fixed 1 Output 3.3V 100mA SOT-23-3
```
(#LM3480IM3-3.3/NOPBCT-ND)
```
1x 6 Positions Header Breakaway Connector 0.100" (2.54mm) Surface Mount, Right Angle
1x 1µF ±10% 50V Ceramic Capacitor X7R 1206 SMD

hello.I2C.45.bridge

1x AVR ATTiny 44 Microcontroller IC 8-Bit 20MHz 4KB (2K x 16) FLASH 14-SOIC
1x 6 Positions Header Connector 0.100" (2.54mm) Surface Mount
1x 4 Positions Header Connector 0.100" (2.54mm) Surface Mount
1x 6 Positions Header Breakaway Connector 0.100" (2.54mm) Surface Mount, Right Angle
1x 1µF ±10% 50V Ceramic Capacitor X7R 1206 SMD
3x 10k Ohm 1/4W 1% Resistor 1206 SMD

hello.I2C.45.node

1x AVR ATTiny 44 Microcontroller IC 8-Bit 20MHz 4KB (2K x 16) FLASH 14-SOIC
1x LED SMD 1206
1x 6 Positions Header Connector 0.100" (2.54mm) Surface Mount
1x 4 Positions Header Connector 0.100" (2.54mm) Surface Mount
1x 1µF ±10% 50V Ceramic Capacitor X7R 1206 SMD
3x 10k Ohm 1/4W 1% Resistor 1206 SMD
1x 1k Ohm 1/4W 1% Resistor 1206 SMD

hello.nRF24L01P.44

1x AVR ATTiny 44 Microcontroller IC 8-Bit 20MHz 4KB (2K x 16) FLASH 14-SOIC
1x nRF24L01+ 2.4GHz Wireless Transceiver (http://amzn.to/2BDM3TL)
1x Linear Voltage Regulator IC Positive Fixed 1 Output 3.3V 100mA SOT-23-3 (#LM3480IM3-3.3/NOPBCT-ND)
1x 8 Positions Header Connector 0.100" (2.54mm) Surface Mount
1x 6 Positions Header Connector 0.100" (2.54mm) Surface Mount
1x 6 Positions Header Breakaway Connector 0.100" (2.54mm) Surface Mount, Right Angle
1x 10µF ±10% 50V Ceramic Capacitor X7R 1206 SMD
1x 1µF ±10% 50V Ceramic Capacitor X7R 1206 SMD
1x 0.1µF ±10% 250V Ceramic Capacitor X7R 1206 SMD
1x 10k Ohm 1/4W 1% Resistor 1206 SMD

hello.RN4871.ftdi

1x BLUETOOTH 4.2 BLE MODULE (#RN4871-V/RM118-ND)
1x Linear Voltage Regulator IC Positive Fixed 1 Output 3.3V 100mA SOT-23-3
```
(#LM3480IM3-3.3/NOPBCT-ND)
```
1x 6 Positions Header Breakaway Connector 0.100" (2.54mm) Surface Mount, Right Angle
1x 1µF ±10% 50V Ceramic Capacitor X7R 1206 SMD
1x 10k Ohm 1/4W 1% Resistor 1206 SMD

Networking and Communications

Networking and Communications

Which network board should I make!?

Designing the hello.bus.45 boards

Making the hello.bus.45 boards

Making the data cable

Understanding the C code

Programming the hello.bus.45 boards

Testing the hello.bus.45 boards

What I have learned

Issues that I had

Tools used

Files to download

hello.bus.45.bridge

hello.bus.45.node

hello.ESP8266-12E.ftdi

hello.HM-11.ftdi

hello.I2C.45.bridge

hello.I2C.45.node

hello.nRF24L01P.44

hello.RN4871.ftdi

results matching ""

No results matching ""